How streams & rivers shape land & interact with forests

stream-habitat

These illustrations were created for different projects. Upper one was part of a middleschool geology curriculum. Lower one was commissioned by Alaska Dept of Fish & Game for a publication on salmon. I’d been working on Jordan Creek [no Lingít name?], behind Sítʼ Eetí Shaanáx (Glacier Valley Elementary), and was thinking about that dynamic-&-youthful system when laying out the alternating pools and riffles so important to spawning and rearing habitat. Only later did I notice how the snakey meanders in the 2 block diagrams mirrored each other.

When we started the Landmark Trees project in 1996, it quickly became obvious that our search for giant trees was mostly a search for a special kind of stream and river deposit, called alluvium. You can approach the study of alluvial landforms and processes from the perspective of a geologist (the ‘abiotic’ angle). Or, as we did, from the perspectives of forest ecology (the ‘biotic’ angle). Given how important this globally important substrate is to forest productivity and riparian energy flow, I assumed a lot had been written about it.

I was wrong. For example, I could find nothing on why exceptionally large trees cluster where streams approach the heads of lakes. Maybe it’s because so little undeveloped alluvial surface remains throughout the world. I guess it’s up to us Southeast Alaskans!

Top: As a geologist sees alluvial landforms. Below: As a naturalist sees them.

In this section

Flying flood fringes

How did the flood behave away from our river corridor? During the August 13th outburst flood a TFR (temporary flight…

2025 | Sean Neilson & Richard Carstensen | 2-minute slideshow

Student booklet for Mendenhall River

A guide to the natural and cultural history of our backyard glacial river. Another in the series of student written…

1997, update 2025 | ALDER House with Andy Romanoff | 18 pages

Tongass logging and research

A thousand years in 4 sidebars My deepest immersion in matters of Alaskan forestry—how humans use, misuse, and repair these…

2025 | Richard Carstensen | 6 pages of sidebars from Nature of SE AK

Teachers’ outings 2025

Top to bottom: Walking Woosh eelʼóox̱ʼu héen (Mendenhall River) Our 7th annual teacher seminar focuses on the landform at top…

2025 | Richard Carstensen | links to resources

Bishop & Pollard 1991 Big Boulder

King salmon spawning reaches on Yakwyaax̱ Methods suggested for enhancing chinook spawning and rearing habitats in the alluvial fan channel…

1991 | Bishop & Pollard | 35 pages

Bishop & Streveler 1987 Gustavus ditches

Dan and Greg and the water table Quite the dynamic duo! Lingít Aaní’s senior hydrologist teamed with Sít’ Eeti Geeyí’s…

1987 | Bishop & Streveler | 45 pages

Carstensen 1990 Big Boulder Creek historical series

Overlays as ‘pageflippers’ This was the only Environaid publication for which I was sole author. To prepare for field work,…

1990 | Carstensen-Environaid | 15 pages

Bishop 1989 Haines Airport phase-2

Return to the Nexus Between 1988 and 1989, Environaid made a total of 8 visits to Sawmill Wetland. Initial work…

1989 | Bishop, Bishop & Carstensen | 47 pages

Bishop 1989 Chilkat Lake outlet floods

Flooding of Tsirku River into Chilkat Lake: impacts on salmon For Northern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association (NSRAA), Dan Bishop and…

1989 | Bishop & Carstensen | 53 pages

Bishop 1989 Haines Airport phase-1

Proposed Haines Airport reconstruction In October, 1988 and January, 1989, I joined Dan and his daughter Gretchen Bishop for a…

1989 | Bishop, Bishop & Carstensen | 47 pages

Bishop 1985 Chuck River

Wall tenting below zero On this, my first job with Environaid, I didn’t pay attention to WHY we sloshed around…

1985 | Dan Bishop | 28 pages

Bishop 1981 Tsirku-Chilkat-Lake flooding

Trouble at the airstrip Where Chilkat Lake empties into Tsirku River, aggrading floodplains have created a delicately balanced flow regime…

1981 | Dan Bishop | 21 pages

Bishop 1981 Tsirku-Chilkat confluence

Hydrologic studies on a major salmon spawning habitat After a scoping visit for National Audubon, Dan’s next contract in Greater…

1981 | Dan Bishop | 30 pages

Bishop 1980 Chilkat streams

Chilkat valley streams: Late fall & winter salmon runs One of the first Environaid studies was commissioned by National Audubon…

1980 | Dan Bishop | 39 pages

Bishop 1985 North Douglas road extension

Twenty-seven crossings of Ḵaalahéenak’u North Douglas Highway’s irritating dead-end has always seemed an affront to public-spirited builders. According to Dan…

1985 | Dan Bishop | 34 pages

Bishop et al 1981 Salmon Creek road

Environmental and cultural assessment for the proposed Salmon Creek road-pipeline development Before I began working with Dan Bishop in 1985,…

1981 | Bishop, Mills, Jacoby and Moore | 95 pages

Fish Creek walkthrough

Focus group tour On Thursday, August 26th, about 30 masked aficionados of dynamic Fish Creek delta assembled on invitation from…

2021 | Richard Carstensen, Bob Armstrong | RC-59 pages: BA vid-links

Besse-Cowee journal, 2011

Discovery & FSL explore Héen Latinee For experienced backcountry navigators, Bessie Creek trail offers a ‘backdoor’ into the Cowee-Davies watershed,…

2011 | Richard Carstensen | 13 pages

Nature near the schools: Landforms

Powerpoint & script for Discovery Nature Studies I didn’t come to geology by natural inclination. I was gently nudged by…

1990 | Richard Carstensen | powerpoint & script

Digital Fish Creek

Hydrology in the point cloud. Maybe it’s all those years stippling scenes and species portraits, point by point with double-ought…

2020 | Richard Carstensen | 2-minute slideshow